Structural characteristics and basic working principles of variable reluctance stepper motors

 

Variable reluctance stepper motor is mainly composed of stator, rotor, magnetic pole distribution and drive circuit. Its structural characteristics are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1. Stator part: The stator of the reluctance stepper motor includes bearing seats, magnetic pole teeth, windings and other parts. The magnetic pole distribution of the stator is usually a four-pole or eight-pole structure.

2. Rotor part: The rotor is made of magnetic conductor material, usually composed of cylindrical magnets and racks. The number of racks is generally twice the number of magnetic poles.

3. Magnetic pole distribution: Magnetic pole distribution is a key part of the reluctance stepper motor. Its number and distribution will affect the motion characteristics and accuracy of the motor.

4. Drive circuit: The drive circuit is the core of controlling motor movement. It mainly realizes step motion by flipping the direction of current.

 

 

The basic working principle of a variable reluctance stepper motor is to guide the motor to rotate by changing the reluctance between the rotor poles. The specific process is as follows:

1. Starting state: In the starting state of the reluctance stepper motor, one phase of the stator winding is energized, so that the magnetic field intensity between the first pair of magnetic poles is greater than the magnetic field intensity between the other magnetic poles.

2. Step one: The direction of the current is reversed, causing the two phases of the stator winding to be energized. At this time, the magnetic field distribution between the magnetic poles changes, causing the rotor to rotate at a fixed angle in a predetermined direction.

3. Step 2: Continue to change the direction of the current so that the three phases of the stator winding are energized and continue to guide the rotor to rotate at a fixed angle.

4. Repeat the above steps: By continuously changing the direction of the current, the reluctance stepper motor can be continuously stepped to achieve precise position control and motion control.

 

Variable reluctance stepper motor is a type of motor with high precision and wide application. It is widely used in automation, machinery, instrumentation, electric vehicles and other industries. Among them, its application in the field of automation control is particularly prominent. Systems such as CNC machine tools, manufacturing equipment, automated production lines, and robots all require the use of high-precision reluctance stepper motors to achieve high-precision motion control.

 

As an important motor type, reluctance stepper motors are widely used in the field of automation control. Its structural features are mainly reflected in the stator, rotor, magnetic pole distribution, etc. It achieves precise position control and motion control by flipping the direction of current.